C Program to Add Two Complex Number Using Structure

We know that all complex numbers are of the form A + i B, where A is known as Real part of complex number and B is known as Imaginary part of complex number.

To add or subtract two complex numbers, just add or subtract the corresponding real and imaginary parts. For instance, the sum of 6 + 3i and 4 + 2i is 10 + 5i.

In this tutorial, we are going to implement C program to add two complex number using structure. Structure is convenient for handling complex number since it has two parts real and imaginary parts.

C Program to Add Two Complex Number

#include<stdio.h>

/* Declaring Structure */
struct complex
{
    float real;
    float imaginary;
};

int main()
{
    /* Declaring structure variable using struct complex */
    struct complex cnum1, cnum2, sum;
    printf("Enter real and imaginary part of first complex number:\n");
    scanf("%f%f", &cnum1.real, &cnum1.imaginary);
    printf("Enter real and imaginary part of second complex number:\n");
    scanf("%f%f", &cnum2.real, &cnum2.imaginary);

    sum.real = cnum1.real + cnum2.real;
    sum.imaginary = cnum1.imaginary + cnum2.imaginary;

    printf("SUM = %0.2f + i %0.2f", sum.real, sum.imaginary);

    return 0;
}

Output of the Above Program

Enter real and imaginary part of first complex number:
2
3
Enter real and imaginary part of second complex number:
5
6
SUM = 7.00 + i 9.00

Modifying Above Program Using typedef

#include<stdio.h>

/* Declaring Structure */
typedef struct
{
    float real;
    float imaginary;
}complex;

int main()
{
    /* Declaring structure variable using complex */
    complex cnum1, cnum2, sum;
    printf("Enter real and imaginary part of first complex number:\n");
    scanf("%f%f", &cnum1.real, &cnum1.imaginary);
    printf("Enter real and imaginary part of second complex number:\n");
    scanf("%f%f", &cnum2.real, &cnum2.imaginary);

    sum.real = cnum1.real + cnum2.real;
    sum.imaginary = cnum1.imaginary + cnum2.imaginary;

    printf("SUM = %0.2f + i %0.2f", sum.real, sum.imaginary);

    return 0;
}

Output

Enter real and imaginary part of first complex number:
7
3
Enter real and imaginary part of second complex number:
2
5
SUM = 9.00 + i 8.00